History and civilization
Nantes was once an important port located 50 km up the Loire River. It grew rich on the triangular trade with Africa and the West Indies.
- Originally founded as a town by the Gallic tribe named Namnèti around 70 BC, Nantes was conquered by Julius Caesar in 56 BC and named Portus Namnetus.
- Christianized in the 3rd century AD, the city was successively invaded by the Saxons (around 285), the Franks (around 500), the Britons (in the 6th and 7th centuries) and the Normans.
- The Chronicle of Nantes continues until the year 946, telling that Alain Barbe-Torte, grandson of Alan the Great, the last king of Brittany who was expelled by the Norse, drove them out and founded the Duchy of Brittany.
- When the Duchy of Brittany was annexed by the kingdom of France in 1532, Nantes kept the Parliament of Brittany for a few years, before it was moved to Rennes.
- In 1598, King Henry IV of France signed the Edict of Nantes here, which granted Protestants rights to their religion.
- During the 18th century, prior to abolition of slavery, Nantes was the slave trade capital of France. This kind of trade led Nantes to become the first port in France and a wealthy city.
- When the French Revolution broke out, Nantes chose to be part of it, although the whole surrounding region soon degenerated into an open civil war against the new republic. The excesses of the revolution led to thousands of summary executions, mainly by drowning in the Loire River.
- In the 19th century, Nantes became an industrial city.
- The first public transport anywhere may have been the omnibus service initiated in Nantes in 1826. It was soon imitated in Paris, London and New York.
- The first railways were built in 1851 and many industries were created.
- In 1940, the city was occupied by German troops. In 1941, the murder of a German officer, Lt. Col. Fritz Hotz, caused the retaliatory execution of 48 civilians. The city was twice severely bombed by British forces, on 16 and 23 August 1943, before being liberated by the Americans in 1944.
- Until the 1970s, Nantes’ harbor was located on the Île de Nantes, when it was moved to the very mouth of the Loire River, at Saint-Nazaire.
- In the subsequent 20 years, many service sector organizations moved into the area, but economic difficulties forced most of these to close.
- In 2001, a major redevelopment scheme was launched, the goal of which is to revitalize the island as the new city centre.
Source: Wikipedia